Only one case carries VAT: a French company that does not fall under the insurance entity. The rate is then 20 %, and it is added on top of the credit you asked for: 100 € of credits is charged 120 €. In every other case nothing is added.
The other regimes collect no VAT, but they do not carry the same legal wording, and that wording is what matters for your accounts. A company in another member state with a well-formed VAT number: reverse charge. The same company without a usable number: the invoice states that it is up to you to regularise in your own member state. Outside the European Union: French VAT does not apply.
The insurance exemption is reserved for FRENCH brokers registered with ORIAS, because the entity that invoices them is itself registered in France. A broker established in another member state falls under the reverse charge, like any other European company.